according to the Pew Center of the States six states allow a cast absentee ballot that the person then subsequently dies to be counted - Ohio, California, West Virginia, Tennessee, Texas, and FLorida. In other states it depends on how vigilant the Secretary of State is about scanning obituaries and then matching them to people who have requested an absentee ballot. When it comes to early voting those votes are tabulated on the spot and cannot be traced to the original voter.
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Slate article on this very issue.